考研英语强化班讲义之英译汉全真试题详解13(1)
Unit 13
Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckbergen told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected Americans. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not Americans, who have become anti-intellectual.
First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? (46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems .He explores such problem consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. (47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals --- the average scientist for one 48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties.--- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. (49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his walking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.
The definition also excludes the majority of factors, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living (50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment .This description even fits the majority eminent scholars .“Being learned in some branch of human knowledge in one thing, living in public and industrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say ,“is something else.”
Unit13 翻译题解
46. I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems.
〔参考译文〕我会把知识分子定义为这样的人：他把用苏格拉底方式思考道德问题作为人生的主要任务和乐趣。
47.His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
〔参考译文〕知识分子的作用与法官相似，他必须接受一种义务，那就是在尽可能清楚的事情中揭示导致其做出决定的推理过程。
48.I have excluded him /because, (while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, )he has not been charges with the task /of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.
〔参考译文〕我之所以把普通科学家排除在外，是因为尽管他的成就可能有助于解决道德问题，但他还没承担起研究道德问题事实方面以外的任何责任。
49. But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.
〔参考译文〕但是，普通科学家的主要任务并非思考指导其行为的道德规范，正如我们并不指望商人把精力投入到商业行为的探索一样。
50. They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.
〔参考译文〕知识分子可能很会教书，而且不仅仅是挣工资，但是他们大部分人对涉及道德判断的人类问题很少或者根本不进行独立思考。
第四部分 考研翻译评分标准、英语试卷评分执行细则
一、英译汉
评分标准说明
1．如果句子译文扭曲原文意思，该句得分最多不得超过 0.5 分。
2．如果某考生给出两种或两种以上的译法，若均正确，给分；若其中一种译法错误，不给分。
3．汉语错别字，不个别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。在不影响意思的前提下，满三个错别字扣0.5 分。
示例：
2001年英译汉评分标准
各句的分数段划分及实例如下：
71．There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, /
(1)1分
and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them /when they offend
(2)1分 （3）1分
答案：届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排污超标（违规），监控器就会使其停驶。
可接受译法
不可接受译法
（1）There will be … robots 将会有机器人主持的
谈话/聊天/讨论/表演；
将有被机器人安装的电视聊天节目；
（hosted 错译扣1分）
（2）and cars …them
和有污染监控器装置的汽车，这些装置致使汽车失灵/无法运行/瘫痪/不能前进/不能开动/将阻止汽车开动
关系代词如指汽车，则扣1分；
disable 错译扣0.5分；
them（指汽车）指代关系错译，如译成监控器，扣1分，
但本部分扣分最多不得超过1分。
（3）when they offend
当汽车污染超量时。
当有污染监控器的汽车冒犯时。
（本段中offend错译扣1分）
整句示例
例1． 将有由机器人主持的电视闲谈节目和装有污染监控器的汽车。当汽车违反污染控制时；污染控制器将使汽车无法运转。（3分）
例2． 将会有机器人主持的电视聊天节目产生，并且有带有污染监控器的汽车。在汽车违反规章时就会不能前进。（2分）
例3． 将会出现被机器人控制的电视聊天节目，以及带有污染监控器的汽车在破坏环境时，使司机不能工作。（1分）
72．Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips,
(1)1分
computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools,
(2)1分
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